接地极的土壤腐蚀

接地极是接地装置的主要组成部分,接地极埋设在土壤中,用于泄流,保障电网和电气设备的安全运行。近年来,接地极的腐蚀损坏造成的事故屡有发生,接地极的土壤腐蚀引起了普遍的重视,防止接地极腐蚀已成为一个重要的研究课题。本文介绍了目前我国电网和电气设备接地极的选材,接地极土壤腐蚀的特点,并对接地极防腐蚀方法做了简单总结。     

废液处理新工艺超临界水氧化（SCWO）评述

超临界水氧化是一项对有机废液焚烧处理最有潜力的替代技术，在过去的20多年里，这项技术引起了广泛的关注。然而，作为一项管端技术，超临界水氧化仍存在许多不足，这些不足阻碍了它的工业应用。除了反应器腐蚀和盐析导致的技术问题外，超临界水氧化经常被认为是一项处理所有废液的“通用”技术，然而也是无法实现的“通用”技术。本文介绍了作为管端处理技术的超临界水氧化技术存在的问题，讨论了可能的解决办法，介绍了不同反应器的概念，提出了在超临界水氧化领域里开展进一步研究和发展新工艺流程的建议。此外，评价了超临界水氧化技术涉及到的自身能源供应问题。     

液化烃罐区安全管理指标体系构建与优化研究

以液化烃罐区的安全管理要素为研究对象,运用系统理论将安全管理要素分为罐区风险管理、职工素质、作业环境及设备风险4个部分,依据体系指标选取原则及层次分析法构建指标体系框架并选取初始指标。采用整体打分模式构造判断矩阵,依据单人单准则确定各指标权重,再依据多人单准则确定各指标的综合权重。通过重要性指标筛选与灰色关联度分析达到优化目的,得出液化烃罐区安全管理指标体系中可删除或可整合的指标,为罐区安全管理工作指明重点,切实提高罐区安全管理水平。结合企业丁二烯罐区实例进行分析,根据该罐区安全管理现状及体系指标权重进行模糊综合评价,得出罐区安全管理现状等级,说明液化烃罐区安全管理指标体系具有较强的实用性。     

镁合金的大气腐蚀研究

综述了各种因素对镁合金大气腐蚀的影响,其中介绍了单一因素NaCl及两种因素协同作用对镁合金大气腐蚀的影响。同时介绍了镁合金大气电偶腐蚀的影响因素与Al含量对镁合金大气腐蚀的影响。简述了研究镁合金大气腐蚀的几种常用表征手段。     

自然灾害灾情划分指标研究

本文阐述了灾情分析中的两个基本方面，即损失的规模和损失的深度，提出了灾级和灾度的概念，对于影响灾级和灾度的主要指标也进行了分析。并就时间和空间变化对灾级划分界线的影响作了论述。     

中国山区沟谷泥石流危险度的定量判定法

本文根据专家系统调查,确定了一次泥石流冲出物最大方量和泥石流暴发频率作为判定泥石流危险度的主要危险因子。运用灰色关联度分析,优选出10项判定泥石流危险度的次要危险因子,并根据关联序确定了它们的权重。在各危险因子等级划分的基础上,得出了泥石流危险度的定量计算公式。通过实例检验,证明该判定方法具有60％以上的可靠度。     

安全等级特征量及其计算方法

指出了目前用模糊评价法确定系统的安全等级所存在的问题和不足之处。分别运用模糊随机变量理论和模糊集理论而提出了安全等级模糊随机特征量和安全等级模糊特征量的概念及其计算方法。安全等级特征量及安全等级变量,均为安全等级取值论域上的模糊子集,而并非是一个确定的点。还给出了安全等级的绝对可能性和相对可能性的计算方法。实例表明,笔者所提出的安全等级特征量及可能性的计算方法是科学的、合理的     

The impact of handpump corrosion on water quality in rural areas of West African sub-region

Water, even in its natural environment, contains some level of impurities. Water is nearly a universal solvent. It contains dissolved solids and gases, and hosts a number of micro-organisms. The exploitation of groundwater by means of boreholes for supplying small user groups and rural communities with water has been widely applied in certain parts of the world for several decades. In recent years this practice has spread all over the globe, and hundred of thousands of boreholes have beendrilled to tap low-yield aquifers. It is evident that such boreholes require pumps for lifting thewater. In developing countries these are usually handpumps, butsolar as well as other systems with submersible pumps are also used, depending upon the energy sources available and the financial means of the beneficiaries. This article gives a general overview of groundwater quality with regard to itsphysico-chemical composition. The results presented originatefrom the experience gained from handpump equipped boreholes within the UNICEF through German Centre for Technical EducationTransfer executed inter-regional UNDP-Handpumps Project inWest African Regions. Particular attention is paid to presenting corrosion onthe water quality of wells in terms of iron concentrationand other parameters. Furthermore, the corrosion attack ongalvanised iron, the effect of biofilms on the corrosionrate, and the difference between internal and externalcorrosion of rising mains are shown.     

超临界水氧化中设备腐蚀的研究现状

超临界水氧化（SCWO）技术是近年发展起来的处理有机难溶废物的安全高效的新技术。在阐述超临界水的物理、化学性质的基础上，介绍了SCWO反应的工作原理和流程，分析总结了世界范围内开展的SCWO环境中设备腐蚀及监测技术等方面的研究动态，提出了我国SCWO技术研究的未来发展方向。     

Exposure Programme on Atmospheric Corrosion Effects of Acidifying Pollutants in Tropical and Subtropical Climates

Many national exposure programmes have been performed in tropical and subtropical climates during the last 50 years. However, ambitious programmes involving more than a few countries are scarce. In this paper a recently formed network of test sites is described involving 12 test sites in Asia (India, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia and China including Hong Kong) and four test sites in Africa (South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe). This effort is part of the 2001–2004 Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA) funded Programme on Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries (RAPIDC). Corrosion attack after one (2002–2003) year of exposure (carbon steel, zinc, copper, limestone and paint coated steel) are presented together with environmental data (SO₂, NO₂, HNO₃, O₃, particles, amount and pH of precipitation, temperature and relative humidity) for all the test sites. The obtained corrosion values are substantially higher than expected for limestone, higher than expected for carbon steel and lower than expected for zinc compared to values calculated using the best available dose–response functions.